PMO-1 Prelude to the Emergency by B.N. Tandon

In the coming years, Indira's influence was such that she could install hand-picked loyalists as chief ministers of states, rather than their being elected by the Congress legislative party. In the Congress (R), on the other hand, members quickly realized that their progress within the ranks depended solely on their loyalty to Indira Gandhi and her family, and ostentatious displays of sycophancy became routine. Indira's party was of a different breed from the Congress of old, which had been a robust institution with traditions of internal democracy. A majority of the All-India Congress Committee and Congress MPs sided with the prime minister. Within the Congress, Indira ruthlessly outmaneuvered her rivals, forcing the party to split in 1969-into the Congress (O) (comprising the old-guard known as the 'Syndicate') and her Congress (R).

Further, Haksar promoted the idea of a 'committed bureaucracy' that required hitherto-impartial government officials to be 'committed' to the ideology of the ruling party of the day. Haksar, a central figure in Indira's inner circle of advisors. For this, she relied on her principal secretary, P.

The first was achieved by concentrating the central government's power within the Prime Minister's Secretariat, rather than the Cabinet, whose elected members she saw as a threat and distrusted. 1974 īetween 19, Prime Minister Indira Gandhi came to obtain near-absolute control over the government and the Indian National Congress party, as well as a huge majority in Parliament. It was based on the rationale that there were imminent internal and external threats to the Indian state. The final decision to impose an emergency was proposed by Indira Gandhi, agreed upon by the President of India, and ratified by the Cabinet and the Parliament from July to August 1975. The Emergency is one of the most controversial periods of Indian history since its independence. Several other human rights violations were reported from the time, including a mass campaign for vasectomy spearheaded by her son Sanjay Gandhi. For much of the Emergency, most of Gandhi's political opponents were imprisoned and the press was censored. The order bestowed upon the Prime Minister the authority to rule by decree, allowing elections to be cancelled and civil liberties to be suspended.

Officially issued by President Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed under Article 352 of the Constitution because of prevailing ' internal disturbance', the Emergency was in effect from 25 June 1975 and ended on 21 March 1977. The Emergency in India was a 21-month period from 1975 to 1977 when Prime Minister Indira Gandhi had a state of emergency declared across the country. On the advice of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, President Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed proclaimed a state of national emergency on 25 June 1975.

PMO-1 Prelude to the Emergency by B.N. Tandon